Saturday, May 31, 2008

Food Security, the Rural Economy, and Endosulfan


Abstract


Agronomy is a drastically under-rated technology all over the

world. Masses of farmers routinely produce only modest fractions of the

yield potentials of their fields. Most importers of farm produce from the

poor and emerging worlds have failed to meet their own nutrition

requirements. Their agrarian communities are doubly impoverished as

a result of extension failures. Precision agriculture benefits elude

poorly-resourced farmers, and they are first victims of the geo-politics of

hunger, malnutrition, and exploitation. Intellectual property protection

takes precedence over issues of social and sovereign integrity. Farm

subsidies in the first world, concerted attacks on generic farm inputs,

and flagrant arm-twisting to gain market entries in poor and emerging

countries, are hall-marks of colonialism in the garb of this Millennium. It

is not inevitable any longer for the downtrodden to submit to the

Dromology of western propaganda. India can and must take a world lead

in extending food security, rural prosperity, and objective regulation.

Endosulfan, which is a product of the domestic and public sectors of

India, and which has been a beacon of the green revolution, deserves

professional stewardship in the service of the nation.

Historic and Future Perspectives of Agrarian Exploitation

Arable land was once abundant. Some of the poorest nations of today used to be verdant and fertile. Travelers from temperate climes marveled at the bounties available near the equator. The Orient was considered to be a treasure-trove of spices, silk, and a host of other forms of farm produce. This was the original motivation for colonial exploitation that reached a zenith of its own making in the 18th century. The resultant exploitation has never ended, though it continues in subtle manner. Christopher Columbus sought the shores of India when he launched his first infamous expedition from Italy. His blundering form of navigation on the High Seas led him in the opposite direction from his aim. Aleutians and a host of culturally endowed indigenous peoples of both Americas were brutally repressed as a result of the marauding misadventures of Columbus and his ilk. However, the British, French, and Portuguese would not allow Indians to rest in peace as a result of the wrong turn Columbus made soon after leaving the shores of his avaricious sponsors. Agriculture was a prime target for the East India Company, and for other European trading posts that were established in the sub-continent. It was left to the genius of Mahatma Gandhi to see through the selfish designs of evil rulers.

It is tragic for some, and an opportunity for others. We do not learn from history. Descendants of exploiters and the exploited seem destined to re-enact the roles of their ancestors, not unlike moths that fly determinedly towards death. Western economists love to prescribe the transition from agriculture to industry, and thence to services, as some world mark of progress. However, they fight all attempts to open their own farm production systems to open competition. Indians, at least some of us, are not able to emerge from the colonial haystacks of our brains. We join the cacophony of ridicule against self-reliance and food security. That is why we take such pride in outsourcing our intellectual strengths, even as we continue to be dependent on others for vital ingredients of our diets. India is also a willing and eager signatory to the abusive patent regime. Some Indians are also at the vanguard of ignorant abuse of symbols of our self-reliance, playing in to the hands of western patent owners, whether by oversight or selfish designs.

Endosulfan as a Champion of Food and Rural Security

Endosulfan is one of the most admirable by-products of World War II-related technologies. The laboratories from which this classic molecule was born were originally charged by Adolf Hitler to produce nerve poisons to kill the enemies of the German State of that era. Just as Germany has become a champion of modern civilization since those dark days of the early 20th century, so has Endosulfan emerged from the shadows of death to provide succor, prosperity, and new lives to countless numbers of the oppressed agrarian communities of the third world. Endosulfan is free from the oppressive yoke of patents. This makes it a favorite target for European corporations that are unable to survive in free markets. Europe uses Dromology so effectively against Endosulfan that even social activists in India lose all sense of discretion and join choruses of protest against the defenseless chemical in blind and slavish compliance to the abuse of the occident.

Facts will not change, no matter whether we care for them or not. Endosulfan is the only registered pesticide in use with a tolerant strain of the egg parasite Trichogramma. It is a popular partner for herbal extracts and bio-rational pest management agents. Endosulfan is the most economical choice for budget and IPM-conscious farmers. It is easy and convenient to use as per prescribed label instructions. It is possible to use Endosulfan safely and judiciously. It is a matter of development of appropriate skills. Any pesticide can be abused, whether willfully or by oversight. Locusts, lepidoptera, and hemiptera are amongst the most feared of pests that can be effectively managed with Endosulfan. No other molecule is as widely and consistently recommended in official and expert agronomic packages. Endosulfan is a strategic weapon in the hands of communities and countries that value their food security situations. The replacement of Endosulfan by expensive instruments of the patent regime are as debilitating for emerging nations, as is the illogical movement to prevent its use in non-edible and highly processed fiber crops.

Facts and Fiction of Pesticide Abuse

Suicides by consuming pesticides are stark reminders of abuse potentials. However, these sophisticated products of modern technology are designed intentionally to have sub-chronic and long term effects as well. Hence, potentials for abuse are higher than lay people commonly realize. Endosulfan is factually safer than most therapeutic substances prescribed by the medical fraternity. Urban communities have well-developed social infrastructure for qualified professionals to administer life-saving injections. The latter consists of such highly toxic substances that they must be used in incredibly small proportions. Unfortunately, it is not popular for poor farmers to be as well-endowed as the urban rich. They are left to their own devices when it comes to protecting their crops from rapid losses to pests. There are other reasons as well for pesticides to be abused on occasion.

Abuse is not inevitable. Professionals from the pest control industry present incontrovertible evidence of the efficacy of label prescriptions. It is possible to use a pesticide without harm to people, non-target organisms, and to the environment. Skills and material resources both come in to play. This is why the registration process is so involved and resource-intensive. All safety data has to bear rigorous scientific validity, and extensive independent reviews as well. The NOEL is divided by as little as 10, and sometimes by 100 to arrive at an ADI. Cutting edge physical chemistry is deployed to detect residues in as little as a part in a billion. Pesticides are amongst the most tightly regulated products on earth, which is why only a small number of the ones synthesized make it to market.

Distorting Regulation for Motivated Ends

Regulation has necessarily to be decentralized. Agronomy for one area is irrelevant for another. The BRIC countries actually need regional differences in their regulatory systems because they include such disparate growing conditions. Regulation for a farmer cannot be the same as for a consumer. The efficacy and safety parameters cannot be the same by definition. Regulation has to ensure that the essential needs of both producers and users are met in full. Label directions and MRLs are specific outputs of regulation that meet such concerns in full. All regulation is dynamic, responding to social concerns and to technological opportunities, as they arise. However, regulation must also be prospective, for neither industry nor farmers can respond to retrospective changes. All regulation must be based on objective evidence, and should be framed free of publicity-seeking proponents.

Pesticide regulation and intellectual property rights are subtly inter-related. The European industry has taken vicarious leads to restrict availabilities of generic pesticides. This paves the way for new patented molecules that farmers would not use if cheaper alternatives were available. Insecticides are targeted with extra vigor, because the temperate climes of member countries do not require this category of pesticides as much as poorer countries in lower latitudes. Europe also abuses the paucity of indigenous regulators in some of the poorest countries: governments blindly follow European directives to restrict the very products that would actually serve their interests best.

New Paradigms of Stakeholder Relations

India occupies a unique place in the world of farm production. It is the home of the Green Revolution. Sustained increases in arable land productivity, especially with respect to wheat, are amongst the most secular successes of the country since it regained independence some six decades ago. The vast majority of all Indians have tangible roots in the Mother Land, and most of us depend on her bounties in order to survive.

India is also a vast repository of scientific knowledge. It is a leader even within the BRIC bloc in this respect. The country's regulators have a glorious history of fighting epidemic and endemic pest challenges. Centuries of periodic famines have been overcome ever since the Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine, and Storage was formed for the first time. The national humiliation of PL 480 has been overcome through cornerstone policies of self-reliance in the manufacture of strategically important generic pesticides.

There is no room for complacency. The nation has made crippling concessions to the machinations of patent patriarchs. Fortunately, safeguards against extreme abuse exist for life-saving medicines. This has helped South Africa combat viral diseases at affordable costs. Unfortunately, similar barriers to exploitation by European agri-input companies are not in place. Indigenous and ignorant activists play in to the hands of those who seek to replace generics with monopolies, though the motivations of such anti-national activities remain in the realm of speculation.

The kharif season of 2008 is an appropriate juncture for meaningful change. Pesticide stewardship is an enabling highway for all stakeholders of sustainable agricultural productivity. Such a move can also serve the best interests of rural prosperity. The safe and judicious use of pesticides, as well as implementation of the best IPM, IRM, ICM, and IAM principles, can optimize the legitimate aims of all Indians. It can also serve as a template for other emerging countries that suffer from abusive influences of former colonialists.

Conclusions

The first speech of Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru on becoming Prime

Minister of Free India, was remarkable in its classic foresight and

relevance. We have come a long way, but it is not yet a full measure.

Vigilance is an eternal price that we must pay to retain integrity.

Here are five guiding concepts that can link our food security, rural prosperity, and environmental conservation aims:

1. Use co-operatives of agrarian women to establish rearing facilities for bio-rational organisms.

2. Facilitate the safe and judicious use of indigenous and generic pesticides.

3. Introduce Precision Agriculture technologies.

4. Use the ISO 14001 series to raise safety standards.

5. Make agricultural extension inclusive and participatory


Jai Hind


Recommended Reading

Allaoua, Z, 1996, India: Five Years of Stabilization and Reform and the Challenges Ahead, World Bank Publications

Blaut, J, 1993, The Colonizer’s Model of the World, Guilford Press

Chen, A, and Song, S, 2006, China's Rural Economy After WTOfont>, Ashgate Publishing Limited

Konandreas, P, Huddleston, B, and Ramangkura, V, 1978, Food Security: An Insurance Approach, International Food Policy Research Institute

Kracht, U, and Schulz, M, 1999, Food Security and Nutrition: The Global Challenge, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Munster

Mansfield, E, 1995, Intellectual Property Protection, Direct Investment, and Technology, World Bank Publications

Norsworthy, L, 2000, Rural Development, Natural Resources, and the Environment, World Bank Publications

Pawar, C, and Indulkar, A, 2008, IPM in India, retrieved June 2008 from: http://endo.org.in/index.php/ipm/47-ipm/74-ipm-in-india.html

Radwan, S, and Lee, E, 1986, Agrarian Change in Egypt, Routledgefont>

Srinivasan, A, 2006, Handbook of Precision Agriculture, Hawaorth Press

Virilio, P, and Derian, J, 1998, The Virilio reader, Blackwell Publishing


Brazil: equitable, competitive, sustainable contributions for debate, World Bank Publications


Protect Endosulfan from Abuse


Management Audit is a vital component of any business in pesticides.

It is an area where social, environmental, and sustainability goals converge.

Pesticides need stewardship.

It is for brand owners, leading producers, and major extension networks to survey all instances of abuse. Effective and time-bound corrective measures should follow.

Some companies prefer to use internal Quality Assurance business processes to keep a check on abuses of their brands and molecules of interest.

All entities can use the ISO 14001 series for a transparent and inclusive way to achieve better standards of safe and judicious pesticides use.

Here is a link to the ISO 14001 series:

http://www.iso.org/iso/management_standards.htm

Profit-maximization by saving on stewardship expenses is a prime example of false economy. Here is a link to the public consequences of ignoring pesticide abuse:

http://www.tehelka.com/story_main39.asp?filename=Ne070608profitoverpeople.asp

Do you know of an instance of pesticide abuse? Has it been corrected, at least in part?

Please post your thoughts below, or send an email to:

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

Thank you for asking your friends and associates to participate at this forum. Hindi transliteration is possible. Audio (10 minutes max.) and video (one minute max) inputs, as well as material in other languages, may please be attached to emails.

Have a nice day.



Pollinators and Pesticides


Major pollinators have nerve transmission systems.

Pesticides have no options but to treat pollinators with nerve transmission systems in the same way as they help to control target organisms or pests.

This implies that agriculturists must apply reentry intervals to pollinators, or provide pollinators with defenses to carry on with their natural activities soon after pesticides are applied.

There are many alternatives to help pollinators and pesticides to co-exist. Here are a few to which you can add your other ideas and suggestions:

A. Use egg parasites, and other beneficial insects, as parts of IPM, during flowering.

B. Ring fields of self-pollinated and hybrid-seed crops with rows of cross-pollinated crops known to be favored by specific pollinators.

C. Keep pollinator-rearing devices and areas away from spray drift.

D. Add herbal repellents to pesticide sprays so that dermal, inhalation, and oral toxicities to pollinators are avoided.

E. Introduce pollinator strains with tolerances to specific pesticides such as Endosulfan.

This is not an exhaustive list. The aim is to start a dialog on balancing IPM with pollinator conservation goals.

Please post below or send email to

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

Thank you for inviting your associates to this world forum. The web log is updated every day.


Friday, May 30, 2008

Endosulfan, Other Pesticides, and Global Warming


How should plant protection and public health professionals respond to issues as raised in the link below?


http://www.organicguide.com/blog/news/new-study-predicts-climate-change-will-make-pesticides-more-lethal-to-fish/#comment-2244


1, Promote unvarying compliance with label directions of all pesticides.

2. Facilitate the safe and judicious use of pesticides.

3. Prevent pesticide abuse as far as possible.

4. Discourage inhuman practices such as subjecting fish to sub-lethal doses of pesticides.

5. Sequester harmful air emissions as far as possible.

6. Support pesticide formulation development to make them even safer.

7. Integrate pesticides with other protection measures.

8. Respect spatial differences in agronomy and the autonomy of other countries.

9. Fight moves to replace generic pesticides with new research monopolies.

10. Use photosynthesis as a primary weapon against global warming.

These ten points are intended to start dialog. Please post your views below, or send mail to

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

Thank you for asking your associates to join this forum: it is updated every day.

Thursday, May 29, 2008

Relevant and Ridiculous Endosulfan Research


Once again, it is not a matter of Endosulfan alone. Investments in pesticides that have been in successful use for decades, should be weighed carefully before ethics committees permit them.

The process by which an NOEL is established is rigorous. Large numbers of independent scientists review figures and findings before secular acceptance.

Resources used for finding the effects of exceeding an NOEL are useless.

Ethics Committees should be accountable. They must answer why they have permitted libelous and wasteful research.

Research without GLP and GCP certifications has no value.

It is like having financial accounts audited by people who are not Chartered Accountants.

Can people without qualifications act as doctors and make diagnoses?

Can a person who has not appeared before a Bar act as an attorney?

Research which does not conform to international controls of quality are simply against the larger public interest.

Editors of publications should be accountable in this respect.

Please leave a post here or

email sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

with your views on this matter.

Kindly also return tomorrow with your associates for a post on relevant research on Endosulfan.



Wednesday, May 28, 2008

Nigeria and Endosulfan


Nigeria is one of the most hopeful parts of the African continent. It is blessed with abundant natural resources, and has one of the most stable systems of governance in the region.

The North-Western part of Africa was once the cradle of modern agriculture. Archaeological finds indicate that this now arid part of the world was once verdant by appearance, generous in yield, and awash with more than all the fresh water bodies that residents could ever need.

Nigeria deserves to return to its ancient glory of sustainable living. How can it achieve this?

Agriculture technology has made rapid advances. Nigeria must strengthen its extension services to reach all its producers. Recent instances of children in the country consuming beans with illicit levels of pesticide residues suggest that Integrated Pest Management has not been implemented in the country.

Nigeria has responded to these tragedies by banning a host of useful pesticides including Endosulfan. What will this achieve? Higher import costs for replacement pesticides from the European Union and from a non-member country of the continent on the other side of the Mediterranean.

Farmers do not spray beans for fun. Pesticides cost money. Residues in excess of regulatory limits mean that farmers fail to spot and to control pest outbreaks in time. Bans will not change matters.

Endosulfan has a special place in Nigeria. It is economical to use and affordable for impoverished farmers. It has a broad spectrum capability to manage simultaneous pest incidences. Beneficial insects can re-enter sprayed fields with relative ease and speed. Endogram can help Nigeria raise yields, and keep its children safe as well.

Please leave a post here or send email in confidence to

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

It will be wonderful to hear from you.

Do visit this web page often and ask your associates to do the same.

Here is a link if you wish to access Endogram, or to know more about it:

http://endo.org.in/


Routine and Emergency Containment of Endosulfan


It is not a matter of Endosulfan alone.
All pesticides need disciplined and skilled handling.

Use generates waste. The latter has to be disposed off so that it does not harm of inconvenience the environment and people.

Laws must have precedence over our opinions. Some countries prescribe that pesticide containers must be buried in soil.

The United Kingdom has well-developed facilities for correct pesticide waste disposal.

Here is an illustrative link:

http://www.pan-uk.org/disposal/

Containment, sodium hydroxide, and solar evaporation are the three cheapest ways for Endosulfan waste disposal. Here is a useful link:

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp41-c4.pdf

There is also a strong case for community incinerators with scrubbers in high-usage zones.

Please email sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

or leave a post below if you have personal experience and suggestions for safe disposal of Endosulfan waste.



Tuesday, May 27, 2008

The Dromology of Pesticide Fiction

Residue reports are favorites of pesticide abusers.

The laity is not aware of Good Laboratory Practices and sampling protocols.

Most people on the road cannot tell you the difference between ppm and ppb.

The significances of MRLs, ADIs, NOELs, and PHIs are even less widely understood.

It is a perfect set up for dromology. You only need a fertile mind to make an information bomb from fantasy.

Read about these concepts direct from the author:

http://www.amazon.ca/Vision-Machine-Paul-Virillio/dp/0253209013

Here are three food safety cues that work:

1. Wash food eaten raw such as lettuce. This will eliminate surface residues.

2. Favor Community Supported Agriculture if you like to eat uncooked food from strange places. See:

http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csa.shtml

3. Ignore unsubstantiated reports about pesticide residues from unskilled sources, and which have no legal validity.

This post is a partial response to the following link:

http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/newsdetail1.asp?storyID=137331

Thank you for your visit to this web log, You can post your views below, or send an email to

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com


Please come again soon. This web log is updated once every day.

Monday, May 26, 2008

The Merits and Methods of Aerial Spraying Pesticides Including Endosulfan


This post is a partial response to the following link:

http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu5&subLeft=&autono=323760&tab=r


The concern here is with aerial spraying and its abuse.

I have personally attended aerial spraying over a gross area of more than 1 million hectares between 1974 and 1981. I have worked in Kutch, Bodeli, Karjan, Dabhoi, and Ganganagar to coordinate ground operations with pilots.

These are my truthful experiences:

1. There is no alternative to aerial spraying if locust breeding grounds in North Africa are left untreated.

2. Aerial spraying prevents pest migration. This is a cornerstone approach to preventing the field-to-field resurgence of Hemiptera with shortened life cycles in heat and humidity,

3. Aerial spraying helps to manage over-lapping generations which build up as internal feeders during incessant rains.

4. Aerial spraying is the only hope for farmers where water is scarce or where power to run pumps comes only after midnight.

5. The psi generated by helicopter nozzles is the best way to avoid spray drift. Aerial spraying also avoids dermal toxicity to operators in tall, dense, and overhead pesticide application.

6. A ground team should flag the areas to be sprayed. All people and animals should be persuaded to stay out of the drift zone. All open wells and potable water sources must be properly covered. Reentry periods must be observed. Neither pilots nor pesticides should be blamed for incompetent and lazy ground teams.

7. The relative toxicology profile and the Indian price to farmers per liter make Endosulfan a prime aerial spraying choice.

8. Endosulfan is also an optimal choice if chewing and sucking pests occur simultaneously.

9. Endosulfan is a key ingredient of IPM. It makes re-entry of Trichogramma and other beneficial organisms much easier and faster.

10. Sardar Prakash Singh Badal and the Late Shri Chimanbhai Patel are two farmer-State Chief Ministers, who I have seen benefit most from Endosulfan aerial spraying. I have personally heard the late Dr. S. N. Banerjee and the late Dr. K. D. Paharia, both former Plant Protection Advisers to the Government of India, and entomologists of world renown, extol the benefits of Endosulfan aerial spraying, when our motherland struggled with food self-sufficiency issues. They saw it as a vital plank for freedom from the slavery of PL 480.

11. Farmers of Yavatmal can be saved from further suicides if the Maharashtra Agro Industries Corporation arranges timely Endosulfan aerial spraying with due ground team support to prevent harm to people, animals, natural resources, and the environment. Farmers of Surendranagar can also experience the benefits of great yields through safe and judicious Endosulfan aerial spraying with simultaneous seeding of Endogram. This will be in the greater interest of farmers than organic cotton supplies to the west, which seems to fascinate one of my friends from this agriculturally stagnant district.

Your opinion matters. Please email

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

or post below.

I recommend the following website for detailed information on Endosulfan:

http://endo.org.in/

Thank you for your visit to this web log. Please come back soon, and ask people you know to do the same. This web log is updated every 24 hours.

Here is a translation link:

http://www.google.com/translate_t


It is not essential to know English to participate in this web log.

Audio and image inputs are also welcome.

Thank you again, and please return soon.


Sunday, May 25, 2008

Pesticide Colonialism


It is profitable to ban a particular pesticide.

Pests do not obey NGOs and their sponsors.

Another pesticide has to replace the one that is banned.

Can you guess whether whether the replacement pesticide is cheaper than the one banned, or more expensive?

Replacement pesticides are not made by some supernatural force. They are made by companies from Europe. No other continent benefits from pesticide bans more than the European Union. Countries in Europe, such as Switzerland, that have not joined the EU, share the benefits of these bans.

Is it a series of coincidences that the countries with the most cacophony for specific pesticide bans, benefit the most from such ill-advised decisions?

Another puzzling matter: why are poor countries, which lack competent regulators, so amenable to NGOs? Is the FAO asleep?

Endosulfan has been used in India for more than three decades. The number of farmers who effectively and safely use Endosulfan in India every year, exceeds the entire European population.

Aerially sprayed Endosulfan has saved Kutch from a locust swarm in 1978. It has been used similarly to control Earias, Helicoperva, and Bemisia outbreaks in Ganganagar and Vadodara on a number of occasions.

The numbers of people who have benefited from Endosulfan aerial spraying outnumber the tragic cases of those who have been harmed by abuse of pesticides.

Would Europeans stop using cars because they may be involved in fatal accidents on occasion? The world can certainly save more lives by banning the European Union from making sports and large automobiles, than by preventing impoverished farmers from keeping their crops safe at affordable costs.

Please send your views to

sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com

or post below.

Do visit the following link first:

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20080515&filename=news&sec_id=4&sid=14

You can send your views to the web site linked above as well.

Here is a link devoted to Endosulfan:

http://endo.org.in/


Finally, please visit this web log as often as you can, and ask people you know to do the same.

Saturday, May 24, 2008

What do Top U.S. Universities Think of Endosulfan?

1. Endosulfan is effective against a wide range of pests.

2. It works by contact. This implies utility when one needs to manage a sudden outbreak quickly.

3. Endosulfan can be used to preserve wood apart from its farm applications.

4. Endosulfan can be combined with other pesticides, can be formulated in many different ways, and has two distinct isomers: there are plenty of new development projects that can be productively run around such versatility.

5. Endosulfan has relatively low inhalation toxicity, and is less damaging than other pesticides for the skin and eyes. These are useful properties in the management of spray drift.

Here is the link from which this exemplary profile has been drawn:

http://ace.orst.edu/info//extoxnet/pips/endosulf.htm

Safety margins for Endosulfan are adequate for skilled operators. The molecule is appropriate for safe and judicious use.

It is feasible to use Endosulfan without endangering people or the environment.

Please send an email to
sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com or post below if you would like to comment on Endosulfan.

You can also visit the following site for more information on this pesticide:

http://endo.org.in/

Ban Pesticide Bans

It is easy to ask for a pesticide ban.

That does not make it the right thing to do.

Farmers use pesticides as physicians prescribe drugs.

It is the same with people worried about bites from flying insects.

Gross abuse does not mean that any product is bad.

The trick is to use pesticides safely, correctly, and judiciously.

I have personally seen Endosulfan in use since 1972.

It does not disrupt the endocrine system if used as prescribed.

The same statement applies for the nervous system.

Would you blame a medicine if someone took the wrong dose?

Endosulfan is the only pesticide that a strain of a beneficial insect can tolerate.

It is relatively cheap to use.

Endosulfan helps farmers with more than one pest in the field at the same time.

It is relatively less hazardous than some other pesticides for loading in to sprayers and for operators.

Please email
sochiye.pesticidesafety@gmail.com if you would like free information on how to use Endosulfan safely and correctly. I declare a personal financial interest in the matter, but guarantee correct and factual information.

You can also post below if you would like to dialog with me on this matter. I will respond within 24 hours.

You can also find out more about Endosulfan at the following link:

http://endo.org.in/

This post is a response to the following link:

http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/86/i21/8621news5.html


I look forward to receiving your views soon.